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Linux系统信息查看(二)

2015.10.25 MoodMAX


1.查看系统内核参数

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$ cat /proc/cmdline
BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.2.0-34-generic root=UUID=b0d331a7-e90a-481e-98af-d59b9a26b342 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
$ sysctl -a | more
sysctl: permission denied on key 'fs.protected_hardlinks'
sysctl: abi.vsyscall32 = 1
permission denied on key 'fs.protected_symlinks'
debug.exception-trace = 1
debug.kprobes-optimization = 1
dev.cdrom.autoclose = 1
dev.cdrom.autoeject = 0
(信息较多，部分忽略)

2.查看系统内核架构(32 bit或者64 bit)

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$ uname -m
x86_64
$ getconf LONG_BIT
64
$ arch
x86_64

3.查看系统磁盘信息

查看所有安装的磁盘和大小

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$ sudo fdisk -l | grep '^Disk /dev'
Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Disk /dev/ram0: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Disk /dev/ram1: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Disk /dev/ram2: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Disk /dev/ram3: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Disk /dev/ram4: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Disk /dev/ram5: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Disk /dev/ram6: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
Disk /dev/ram7: 64 MiB, 67108864 bytes, 131072 sectors
......

查看某一个磁盘分区(以/dev/sda为例)

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$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2856e6e4
设备       启动 Start     末尾     扇区   Size Id 类型
/dev/sda1  *     2048 1953523711 1953521664 931.5G 83 Linux

查看所有的块设备

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$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk 
└─sda1   8:1    0 931.5G  0 part /HDD
sdb      8:16   0 238.5G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0   1.9G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sdb2   8:18   0     1K  0 part 
└─sdb5   8:21   0 236.6G  0 part /
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

查看文件系统的使用情况

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$ df
文件系统           1K-块     已用      可用 已用% 挂载点
udev             8144012        0   8144012    0% /dev
tmpfs            1632264     9720   1622544    1% /run
/dev/sdb5      244031768  9722628 221889968    5% /
tmpfs            8161312    55784   8105528    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs               5120        4      5116    1% /run/lock
tmpfs            8161312        0   8161312    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      961301832 26746880 885700528    3% /HDD
cgmfs                100        0       100    0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs            1632264       64   1632200    1% /run/user/1000
$ df -H
文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
udev            8.4G     0  8.4G    0% /dev
tmpfs           1.7G   10M  1.7G    1% /run
/dev/sdb5       250G   10G  228G    5% /
tmpfs           8.4G   58M  8.4G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.3M  4.1k  5.3M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs           8.4G     0  8.4G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       985G   28G  907G    3% /HDD
cgmfs           103k     0  103k    0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs           1.7G   66k  1.7G    1% /run/user/1000
$ df -HT
文件系统       类型      容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
udev           devtmpfs  8.4G     0  8.4G    0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.7G   10M  1.7G    1% /run
/dev/sdb5      ext4      250G   10G  228G    5% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     8.4G   58M  8.3G    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.3M  4.1k  5.3M    1% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     8.4G     0  8.4G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1      ext4      985G   28G  907G    3% /HDD
cgmfs          tmpfs     103k     0  103k    0% /run/cgmanager/fs
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.7G   66k  1.7G    1% /run/user/1000

查看挂载的文件系统

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$ mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,relatime,size=8144012k,nr_inodes=2036003,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs 
......

4.查看系统PCI设备的硬件信息

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$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor PCI Express Root Port (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
...

5.查看系统USB设备信息

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$ lsusb
Bus 004 Device 004: ID 04f2:b34c Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd 
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 147e:1002 Upek Biometric Touchchip/Touchstrip Fingerprint Sensor
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 046d:c537 Logitech, Inc. 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
$ lsusb -vt
/:  Bus 04.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
        |__ Port 5: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=, 12M
        |__ Port 6: Dev 4, If 0, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
        |__ Port 6: Dev 4, If 1, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
/:  Bus 03.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/2p, 480M
    |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/6p, 480M
/:  Bus 02.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 5000M
/:  Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=xhci_hcd/4p, 480M
    |__ Port 3: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M
    |__ Port 3: Dev 2, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 12M

6.查看系统无线设备信息

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$ iwconfig
enp4s0f2  no wireless extensions.
lo        no wireless extensions.
wlp3s0    IEEE 802.11bgn  ESSID:"stdu.edu.cn"  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.437 GHz  Access Point: 26:14:4B:55:AE:53   
          Bit Rate=72.2 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm   
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr=2347 B   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=40/70  Signal level=-70 dBm  
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:1097   Missed beacon:0
$ watch -n 1 cat /proc/net/wireless
(实时显示)
$ wavemon
(动态显示无线网络质量等信息)

注意：执行上述wavemon指令时需要先执行sudo apt-get install wavemon。

7.查看系统VGA等图形设备信息

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$ lspci | grep -i vga
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK107M [GeForce GTX 660M] (rev a1)
$ lspci -vvnn | grep VGA
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
......

查看NVIDIA设备

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$ nvidia-smi

或者

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$ nvidia-settings

查看AMD/ATI显卡设备信息

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$ fglrxinfo

查看系统unity版本

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$ unity --version
unity 7.3.3

查看系统视频设备信息

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$ lspci | grep -i audio
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)

或者

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$ cat /proc/asound/cards
 0 [PCH            ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH
                      HDA Intel PCH at 0xf7a10000 irq 32

或者

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$ arecord -l
**** CAPTURE 硬體裝置清單 ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC269VB Analog [ALC269VB Analog]
  子设备: 1/1
  子设备 #0: subdevice #0

8.查看电池信息

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$ upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0
native-path:          (null)
  power supply:         no
  updated:              1970年01月01日 星期四 08时00分00秒 (1458648160 seconds ago)
  has history:          no
  has statistics:       no
  unknown
    warning-level:       unknown
    icon-name:          '(null)'
$ acpi -V
Battery 0: Full, 100%
Battery 0: design capacity 5200 mAh, last full capacity 3701 mAh = 71%
Adapter 0: on-line
Thermal 0: ok, 56.0 degrees C
Thermal 0: trip point 0 switches to mode critical at temperature 149.8 degrees C
Cooling 0: x86_pkg_temp no state information available
Cooling 1: intel_powerclamp no state information available
Cooling 2: LCD 6 of 7
Cooling 3: Processor 0 of 3
Cooling 4: Processor 0 of 3
Cooling 5: Processor 0 of 3
Cooling 6: Processor 0 of 3
Cooling 7: Processor 0 of 3
Cooling 8: Processor 0 of 3
Cooling 9: Processor 0 of 3
Cooling 10: Processor 0 of 3

9.查看系统运行了多长时间

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$ uptime
 20:03:41 up 40 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.31, 0.26, 0.29
$ who
vil     :0           2016-03-22 19:22 (:0)
evil     pts/2        2016-03-22 19:32 (:0)
$ w
 20:04:01 up 41 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.29, 0.26, 0.29
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
evil     :0       :0               19:22   ?xdm?  12:38   0.31s /sbin/upstart --user
evil     pts/2    :0               19:32    0.00s  0.15s  0.00s w

10.查看系统负载

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$ cat /proc/loadavg
0.46 0.30 0.30 1/676 5626
$ sudo top

11.查看系统重启和关机记录

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$ last reboot
reboot   system boot  4.2.0-34-generic Tue Mar 22 19:22   still running
reboot   system boot  4.2.0-34-generic Tue Mar 22 18:37 - 19:22  (00:45)
reboot   system boot  4.2.0-34-generic Tue Mar 22 15:49 - 17:22  (01:32)
reboot   system boot  4.2.0-34-generic Tue Mar 22 14:50 - 15:49  (00:58)
reboot   system boot  4.2.0-34-generic Tue Mar 22 08:11 - 13:16  (05:04)
reboot   system boot  4.2.0-34-generic Mon Mar 21 22:44 - 22:47  (00:03)
reboot   system boot  4.2.0-34-generic Mon Mar 21 18:16 - 22:47  (04:31)
......
$ last shutdown
wtmp begins Thu Mar 17 19:59:43 2016

12.查看系统运行级别

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$ runlevel
N 5
$ who -r
运行级别 5 2016-03-22 19:23